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Ismail I
Ismail I ( fa, اسماعیل, Esmāʿīl, ; July 17, 1487 – May 23, 1524), also known as Shah Ismail (), was the founder of the Safavid dynasty of Safavid Iran, Iran, ruling as its King of Kings (''Shahanshah'') from 1501 to 1524. His reign is often considered the beginning of History of Iran, modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder empires. The rule of Ismail I is one of the most vital in the history of Iran. Before his accession in 1501, Iran, since its Muslim conquest of Persia, conquest by the Arabs eight-and-a-half centuries earlier, had not existed as a unified country under native Iranian peoples, Iranian rule, but had been controlled by a series of Arab Caliphate, caliphs, Seljuk Empire, Turkic sultans, and Ilkhanate, Mongol Khan (title), khans. Although many Iranian dynasties rose to power amidst this whole period, it was only under the Buyid dynasty, Buyids that a vast part of Iran properly returned to Iranian rule (945–1055). The dynasty foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disruptive Editing
Disruption, disruptive, or disrupted may refer to: Business *Creative disruption, disruption concept in a creative context, introduced in 1992 by TBWA's chairman Jean-Marie Dru *Disruptive innovation, Clayton Christensen's theory of industry disruption by new technology or products Psychology and sociology *Disruptive behavior disorders, a class of mental health disorders *Disruptive physician, a physician whose obnoxious behaviour upsets patients or other staff *Social disruption, a radical alteration, transformation, dysfunction or breakdown of social life Other uses *Cell disruption is a method or process in cell biology for releasing biological molecules from inside a cell *''Disrupted: My Misadventure in the Start Up Bubble'', a 2016 book by Daniel Lyons *Disruption (adoption) is also the term for the cancellation of an adoption of a child before it is legally completed *Disruption (of schema), in the field of computer genetic algorithms *Disruption of 1843, the divergence o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aq Qoyunlu
The Aq Qoyunlu ( az, Ağqoyunlular , ) was a culturally Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two tribal confederations: Akkoyunlu (White Sheep) (1378–1507) and Qaraoyunlu (Black Sheep). They were Persianate Turkoman Confederations of Anatolia (Asia Minor) and Azerbaijan." SunniMichael M. Gunter, ''Historical dictionary of the Kurds'' (2010), p. 29 Turkoman tribal confederation founded in the Diyarbakir region by Qara Yuluk Uthman Beg that ruled parts of present-day eastern Turkey from 1378 to 1503, and in their last decades also ruled Armenia, Azerbaijan, much of Iran, Iraq, and Oman where the ruler of Hormuz recognised Aq Qoyunlu suzerainty. The Aq Qoyunlu empire reached its zenith under Uzun Hasan. History Etymology The name Aq Qoyunlu, literally meaning "hose withwhite sheep", is first mentioned in late 14th century sources. It has been suggested that this nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twelver Shi'ism
Twelver Shīʿīsm ( ar, ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة; '), also known as Imāmīyyah ( ar, إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa Islam, comprising about 85 percent of all Shīʿa Muslims. The term ''Twelver'' refers to its adherents' belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as the Twelve Imams, and their belief that the last Imam, Imam al-Mahdi, lives in Occultation and will reappear as ''The promised Mahdi'' ( ar, المهدي المنتظر). According to the Shīʿa tradition, the Mahdi's tenure will coincide with the Second Coming of Jesus (ʿĪsā), who, along with Mahdi, would kill the Dajjal. Twelvers believe that the Twelve Imams are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. According to the theology of Twelvers, the Twelve Imams are exemplary human individuals who not only rule over the Muslim community (''Ummah'') with justice, but are also able to preserve and interpret the Islamic law (''sharīʿa'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alemshah Halime Begum
Alemshah Beyim (1460-1522) was an Aq Qoyunlu princess. She was the daughter of Uzun Hasan and Despina Khatun, and the mother of Shah Ismayil. Name There are different opinions about her real name. It may have been Halima Bey Aga, Alemshah Bey, or Martha. Life Her father was the Aq Qoyunlu ruler Uzun Hasan and her mother was the daughter of John IV of Trebizond, Theodora Megale Komnene, also known as " Despina Hatun".Michel Kuršanskis"La descendance d'Alexis IV, empereur de Trébizonde. Contribution à la prosopographie des Grands Comnènes" ''Revue des études byzantines'', 37 (1979), pp. 239-247 There is no reliable information about the first years of her life. In 1471 she married Sheikh Haydar, the son of her aunt and the sheikh of the Safavid Order. They had three sons, Ali Mirza Safavi, Ibrahim and Ismail I Ismail I ( fa, اسماعیل, Esmāʿīl, ; July 17, 1487 – May 23, 1524), also known as Shah Ismail (), was the founder of the Safavid dynasty of Safavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaykh Haydar
Shaykh Haydar or Sheikh Haydar ( ''Shaikh Ḥaidar''; b. 1459, Diyarbakır - d. 9 July 1488, Tabasaran) was the successor of his father (Shaykh Junayd) as leader of the Safavid order from 1460-1488. Haydar maintained the policies and political ambitions initiated by his father. Under Sheikh Haydar, the order became crystallized as a political movement with an increasingly extremist heterodox Twelver Shi'i coloring and Haydar was viewed as a divine figure by his followers. Shaykh Haydar was responsible for instructing his followers to adopt the scarlet headgear of 12 gores commemorating The Twelve Imams, which led to them being designated by the Turkish term Qizilbash "Red Head". Haydar soon came into conflict with the Shirvanshahs, as well as the Ak Koyunlu, who were allied to the former. Following several campaigns into the North Caucasus, mainly in Circassia and Dagestan, he and his men were eventually trapped in 1488 at Tabasaran by the combined forces of the Shirvanshah Far ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safavid Dynasty
The Safavid dynasty (; fa, دودمان صفوی, Dudmâne Safavi, ) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from 1501 to 1736. Their rule is often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder empires. The Safavid Shāh Ismā'īl I established the Twelver denomination of Shīʿa Islam as the official religion of the Persian Empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Iranian Azerbaijan region. It was an Iranian dynasty of Kurdish origin, but during their rule they intermarried with Turkoman, Georgian, Circassian, and Pontic GreekAnthony Bryer. "Greeks and Türkmens: The Pontic Exception", ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 29'' (1975), Appendix II "Genealogy of the Muslim Marriages of the Princesses of Trebizond" dignitaries, nevertheless they were Turkish-spea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahinbanu Khanum
Mahinbanu Sultan (1519-1562) was the little daughter of Shah Ismail I of Persia (r. 1524–1576) and Tajlu Khanum. She was the youngest sister of Shah Tahmasb. She had a big influence during the reign of her brother, and acted as his political adviser. Biography Mahinbanu was born in 1519 in Tabriz. She lost her father at the age of five and was given a higher education in the court. She was very interested in politics and Tajlu Khanum introduced her well to it. After her mother's death in 1540, Mahinbanu was chosen as the only advisor to her brother, Shah Tahmasb. During her brother's reign, Mahinbanu was known as the greatest lady of the Safavid Empire. She never married and dedicated his whole life to the government of her father and brother, but after the death of Bahram Mirza, she took care of his three children named Sultan Hossein Mirza, Ibrahim Mirza and Badi-al Zaman Mirza Safavi took charge and brought them up, then at his request the two younger sons of Bahram Mirza m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parikhan Khanum (1506–1540)
Parikhan Khanum (1506–1540) was a daughter of shah Ismail I of Iran(r. 1501–1524).Newman, Andrew J. (2008). Safavid. I.B. Tauris. pp. 1–281. ISBN 9780857716613. She was born to Tajlu Khanum Tajlu Khanum ( fa, تاجلو خانم) or Tajli Begum (), also known by her title of Shah-Begi Khanum (), was a Turkoman princess from the Mawsillu tribe and principal consort of Ismail I. Family While Italian writer Angiolello and Irania ... and was the sister of Mahinbanu Sultan. Alongside her mother and sister, she participated actively in politics during the reign of her father. References {{Reflist * 1506 births 1541 deaths 16th-century Iranian women 16th-century Iranian people Safavid princesses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahram Mirza Safavi
Bahram Mirza () was a Safavid prince, governor of Khorasan, Gilan and Hamadan. He is also known to be a calligrapher, painter, poet, musician and patron of arts. Life He was born in 1517 to Ismail I and his Turcoman wife Tajlu Khanum in meadows of Surluq near Maragha, a place Ismail loved to spend time as his youngest son. He was a full brother of future shah Tahmasp I. His public service started in 1530 when he was just 13 years old by an appointment to Khorasan governorate with Ghazi Khan Takalu as his guardian or ''lala'' with capital province of Herat. This experience proved very hard for the young prince as he had to face Ubaydullah Khan of Shaybanids. However, as soon as Ubaydullah retreated, Tahmasp arrived in Khorasan in 1533 to fight against Uzbeks. Bahram accompanied his brother in central flank in the battle near Jam. However, since Takalu contingents fled from the battle, governorship of Khorasan was revoked from Ghazi Khan Takalu and Bahram Mirza by Tahmasp, who gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alqas Mirza
Abu'l Ghazi Sultan Alqas Mirza ( fa, ابوالقاسم غازی سلطان القاص میرزا), better known as Alqas Mirza (; 15 March 1516 – 9 April 1550), was a Safavid prince and the second son of king (shah) Ismail I (r. 1501–1524). In early 1546, with Ottoman help, he staged a revolt against his brother Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576), who was king at the time. Biography Of the four sons that survived of Ismail I, Alqas was the second one. Sam Mirza was probably his full brother, while Bahram Mirza and (the future king) Tahmasp were brothers born by other mothers. In 1532/33, he was given the governorship of Astarabad by Tahmasp (by that time king), while Badr Khan Ustajlu was made his regent (''lala''). In March 1538 Tahmasp I ordered Alqas with his regent to move against the rebel Shirvanshah, and six months later he was appointed governor of Shirvan, where he remained for the next eight years. During the frequent Caucasian campaigns under Tahmasp's tenure, Alqas w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sam Mirza Safavi
Abolnasr Sam Mirza Safavi (16 October 1517 – 1566) was a Safavid prince, a son of king (''shah'') Ismail I (r. 1501–1514). He was an art lover and was the author of the book ''Tazkare ye Sami'' or ''Tohfe ye Sami'' about poetry and poets. Career Tahmasp I, Sam Mirza's elder brother, appointed him as a teenager, to be the governor of Herat in his third campaign to Khorasan and appointed Aghzivar Khan as Sam Mirza's custodian. Sam Mirza balked at his brother's action upon his retainers' instigation, but he regretted later and asked his brother for forgiveness. Tahmasp I forgave him and took him from Khorasan to Qazvin. In Qazvin, Sam Mirza was a companion of Tahmasp I. In 1549, Sam Mirza asked his brother to allow him to remain in a place for praying. Tahmasp I appointed him as custodian of the mausoleum of Safi-ad-din Ardabili and the governor of Ardabil. At the time he was a governor and custodian and his house was the meeting place of scientists, poets and artists. In 1561 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behruzeh Khanum
Behruzeh Khanum (16th-century) was a consort of shah Ismail I of Persia (r. 1501–1524).Newman, Andrew J. (2008). Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire. I.B. Tauris. pp. 1–281. ISBN 9780857716613. She came the Safavid harem as a slave concubine, and became a favorite of the shah, who made her his third wife. She was captured after the Battle of Chaldiran The Battle of Chaldiran ( fa, جنگ چالدران; tr, Çaldıran Savaşı) took place on 23 August 1514 and ended with a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire. As a result, the Ottomans annexed Eastern Anatolia an ... and taken to Constantinople, where she eventually married a judge. References {{Reflist * 16th-century births 16th-century deaths 16th-century Iranian women Safavid royal consorts Safavid concubines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
